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Congress·In Committee·S. 954

Senate Bill Would Have U.S. Buy 1 Million Bitcoin for Strategic Reserve Over 5 Years

BITCOIN Act of 2025

about 1 year ago·View on Congress.gov
Part of: Congress Introduces Bills to Establish a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve
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Stalled

No legislative action in over 90 days.

Legislative Progress

Senate
House
President
Law

Key Points

  • Treasury would create secure, spread-out storage sites across the U.S. to hold the federal government’s Bitcoin offline.

    From policy text

    “The Secretary shall establish a decentralized network of secure Bitcoin storage facilities distributed across the United States, collectively to be known as the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve for the cold storage of Government Bitcoin holdings.”
    View in full text
  • Treasury would buy 200,000 Bitcoin each year for 5 years (1,000,000 total), with rules to avoid disrupting the market.

    From policy text

    “purchase 200,000 Bitcoins per year over a 5- year period, for a total acquisition of 1,000,000 Bitcoins; (B) conduct purchases in a transparent and strategic manner to minimize market disruption”
    View in full text
  • The bill would generally lock up any Bitcoin in the reserve for at least 20 years, blocking sales or swaps during that time.

    From policy text

    “the Secretary shall hold all Bitcoin acquired by the United States and deposited in the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve, regardless of acquisition method, for not less than 20 years from the date of acquisition.”
    View in full text
  • Federal agencies that end up with Bitcoin (like from seizures) would have to stop selling it and transfer it into the reserve.

    From policy text

    “any Bitcoin under the control of any Federal agency, including the United States Marshal Service, shall-- (1) not be sold, swapped, auctioned, or otherwise encumbered; and (2) upon the acquisition of legal title to such Bitcoin (including after a final, unappealable judgment is entered in a criminal or civil forfeiture action in favor of the Federal agency), be transferred by the head of such Federal agency to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.”
    View in full text
  • The plan would use certain Federal Reserve resources and updated gold-certificate values to help cover costs, and Treasury would publish public reports proving the reserve exists.

    From policy text

    “the Federal reserve banks shall tender all outstanding gold certificates in their custody to the Secretary. Not later than 90 days after the tender of the last such certificate, the Secretary shall issue new gold certificates to the Federal reserve banks that reflect the fair market value price of the gold held against such certificates by the Treasury”
    View in full text
CryptocurrencyEconomyNational SecurityData Privacy

Impact Analysis

Personal Impact

How this policy affects specific groups of people

Mixed Impacts(2)
Criminal Record
Neutral
Cryptocurrency Investor
Neutral

Milestones

2 milestones2 actions
Mar 11, 2025Senate

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

Mar 11, 2025

Introduced in Senate

What Happens Next

Projected impacts based on AI analysis

Starting the day the bill becomes law

Federal agencies stop selling Bitcoin they control and start preparing transfers to Treasury after final legal title

Government-held Bitcoin that used to be auctioned for cash would instead be moved into the new reserve and held long-term

Soon after enactment; timing depends on how fast Treasury can stand up facilities

Treasury sets up the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve (secure, geographically spread storage sites)

Creates the physical and security system for holding government Bitcoin without keeping it online

After program rules and purchasing processes are set

Treasury begins the Bitcoin Purchase Program (up to 200,000 BTC per year)

Regular government buying could affect Bitcoin markets; the government begins building a large long-term reserve

Within 180 days after enactment

Federal Reserve Banks tender gold certificates to Treasury

Starts the process meant to generate funding (cash remittances) tied to revaluing gold certificates

Within 90 days after the last gold certificate is tendered, then remitted within 90 more days

Treasury issues new gold certificates at fair market value and receives remittances of the value difference

Creates a pool of funds that the bill prioritizes for Bitcoin purchases; any extra is directed to reduce public debt

After Treasury builds the reporting and audit process

Treasury launches a public Proof of Reserve reporting system with quarterly postings and third-party verification

People can see publicly reported holdings and proof Treasury controls the keys, which is meant to reduce hidden dealing or missing coins

No later than 1 year after enactment

Treasury publishes the first annual public report on the Bitcoin Purchase Program

Adds a yearly plain record of how much was bought/held and how funds were used

Applies to each batch of Bitcoin for 20 years from its acquisition date

Minimum holding period locks up reserve Bitcoin

Treasury cannot sell, swap, or pledge the Bitcoin for at least 20 years, limiting near-term use of it to raise cash

Two years before the 20-year holding period ends for the earliest purchases

Treasury sends Congress recommendations about whether to start controlled sales to reduce national debt

Begins planning for possible future debt-reduction sales, with a suggested cap of 10% of reserve assets in any 2-year period

Source Information

Document Type

Congressional Bill

Official Title

BITCOIN Act of 2025

Bill NumberS 954
Congress119th Congress
ChamberSenate
Latest ActionRead twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

Sponsor

Cosponsors

(5)
R: 5

Analysis generated by AI. Always verify with official sources.