Congress·In Committee·S. 3441

Senate Bill Would Give Communities More Say, Up to $12.5M in Aid When Nuclear Plants Close

Nuclear Plant Decommissioning Act of 2025

3 months ago·View on Congress.gov

Part of: New Federal Funding and Oversight for Nuclear Decommissioning Communities

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Stalled

No legislative action in over 90 days.

Legislative Progress

Senate

House

President

Law

Key Points

Nuclear plant owners would have to talk with nearby States, Tribes, and local leaders before they file their shutdown cleanup plan or sell the plant’s license.
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission would have to approve the cleanup plan or license sale within about 1 year, after at least 90 days for public comments and 2 public meetings in the host State.
Host States could support, oppose, or support with changes; the agency would usually have to include the State’s requested changes unless they break the law or cost far more than the benefits.
It creates new funding to help communities follow the cleanup: up to $12.5 million over 2026–2028 for community advisory boards, plus a longer-term fund paid by $500,000 fees from plant shutdown plans.
Communities stuck storing spent nuclear fuel after shutdown would get yearly grants worth $15 per kilogram, and host towns would get economic development money funded by setting aside about 2% of the plant’s cleanup trust funds.

EnergyEnvironmentInfrastructureHousingEconomy

Impact Analysis

Personal Impact

How this policy affects specific groups of people

Positive Impacts(1)

Tribal Member

Helps

Milestones

2 milestones2 actions

Dec 11, 2025Senate

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public Works.

Dec 11, 2025

Introduced in Senate

What Happens Next

Projected impacts based on AI analysis

As soon as the law takes effect after it is enacted

Nuclear plant owners must start consulting with nearby state and tribal governments before filing major shutdown cleanup plans or seeking license transfers

Communities and nearby governments get earlier warning and more leverage before big cleanup decisions are locked in, but plans may take longer to submit

Whenever a major shutdown cleanup plan is submitted after the law is enacted

The nuclear safety agency starts a 90-day public comment period and holds at least 2 public meetings for each major shutdown cleanup plan

Residents have a clearer window to read the plan, ask questions in person, and submit comments that must be considered

About 1 year after a major plan or transfer request is submitted

The nuclear safety agency issues an approval or rejection decision for major shutdown cleanup plans and certain license transfers within about 1 year (with possible extensions)

People get a clearer “yes or no” outcome instead of open-ended reviews, but tricky sites could still take longer

Within 180 days after the law is enacted

The nuclear safety agency creates the short-term grant program for community advisory boards

Local advisory boards can apply for money to hire experts, run meetings, and communicate with residents during cleanup planning

Within 180 days after the law is enacted

Rules are issued to collect $500,000 per plant (in certain cases) to fund long-term advisory board grants

Plant owners may face a new required payment, and communities may see longer-lasting funding for independent advice and public communication

Within 60 days after the law is enacted

The Energy Department starts the yearly grant program for communities with stranded spent nuclear fuel

Eligible local governments near shut-down plants could start receiving yearly payments based on how much spent fuel is still stored on site

Funding transfers begin within 1 year for plants already in cleanup; for future shutdowns, grant-making begins up to 5 years before shutdown or at shutdown notice

Host community economic recovery accounts begin being funded and then start issuing grants for local economic planning

Host communities could get planning and development money earlier—sometimes years before shutdown—so they can prepare for job and tax-base losses