Congress·In Committee·S. 1352

Senate Bill Would Set National Minimum Bargaining Rights for State and Local Public Workers

Public Service Freedom to Negotiate Act of 2025

12 months ago·View on Congress.gov

⏸

Stalled

No legislative action in over 90 days.

Legislative Progress

Senate

House

President

Law

Key Points

Would set a nationwide “floor” for collective bargaining rights for state and local public workers, like teachers and many city or state employees.
A federal labor agency would review each state’s laws within 180 days of the bill becoming law to see if they meet these minimum rights.
If a state falls short, the federal agency would step in after a delay (generally up to about 2 years) to run elections, handle complaints, and enforce bargaining rules.
The bill calls for tools to settle contract stalemates (like mediation or arbitration) and protects paycheck deductions for union fees when an employee agrees.
Strikes and lockouts that could disrupt emergency or public safety services would be banned under the federal system, while tougher state strike rules could still apply.

Labor Employment

Impact Analysis

Personal Impact

How this policy affects specific groups of people

Positive Impacts(1)

Union Member

Helps

State Impacts

District of ColumbiaDC

neutral

The bill explicitly says it does not require DC to rescind or change its Public Employee Relations Board structure and does not limit DC’s Home Rule powers. DC’s existing public-sector bargaining system is largely protected from being overridden by the new federal scheme.

Milestones

2 milestones2 actions

Apr 8, 2025Senate

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.

Apr 8, 2025

Introduced in Senate

What Happens Next

Projected impacts based on AI analysis

Within 30 days after the bill becomes law

Federal Labor Relations Authority sets up procedures to run the new state review process

Creates the basic process for how states will be judged and how workers/employers can submit input

Within 180 days after the bill becomes law

Federal Labor Relations Authority decides, state by state, whether each state’s laws meet the minimum union-rights standards

Determines which states keep their own system and which states could be put under federal rules

Within 60 days after a state determination is issued

Court challenges to a state determination can be filed

Workers, unions, or public employers who disagree with a determination may take it to federal appeals court

Within 1 year after the bill becomes law

Federal Labor Relations Authority writes and issues the core federal rules for states that didn’t meet the minimum standards

Sets the practical day-to-day rules for elections, bargaining duties, complaints, and enforcement in those states

On the later of: 2 years after the bill becomes law, or the end of the first regular state legislative session that starts after it becomes law

Federal rules begin applying in states found not to meet the minimum standards (timing depends on the state’s legislative calendar)

If a state doesn’t fix its laws by the trigger date, workers and employers in covered categories shift to the federal system

Anytime after a material change in state law; Authority must respond within 30 days after a valid request

If a state changes its laws later, a worker, union, or employer can request an updated federal determination

Creates a way for a state to “get out from under” federal rules (or be brought under them) after a major law change

After 180 days following a filed charge, and within the bill’s stated filing windows

If the Authority doesn’t enforce after a charge is filed, a private lawsuit option opens up after waiting periods

Workers, unions, or employers may be able to go to federal court to force compliance, and may recover attorneys’ fees

Related News

1 article

AFL-CIO News·about 1 month ago

Despite Relentless Attacks, Nearly Half a Million Workers Unionized in 2025

Reporting on new BLS data, labor leaders renewed calls for Congress to pass the Public Service Freedom to Negotiate Act to protect the rights of public sector workers who saw significant membership growth despite political opposition.

L+