SOIL Act of 2025

Key Points

• The bill expands the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to review any acquisition or transfer of agricultural land by people or entities from countries deemed national security threats or designated as nonmarket economies. This means purchases of U.S. farmland by entities linked to countries like China could be blocked.
• Any real estate within 50 miles of a U.S. military base would also be subject to CFIUS review if a buyer is tied to a threat-listed or nonmarket economy country. Residential property is exempt from this provision.
• Federal subsidies and other government financial assistance would be banned for any agricultural land wholly or partly owned by a person from a threat-listed or nonmarket economy country, cutting off taxpayer support for those operations.
• The bill tightens disclosure rules by requiring foreign landholders to report leases longer than five years and by removing the minimum acreage threshold that previously let small parcels go unreported.
• The USDA would be required to publish an annual public report breaking down foreign agricultural land holdings on a state-by-state and county-by-county basis, with a specific focus on holdings by China, Russia, and other countries the Secretary flags.